Anatomical and Surgical Basis for the Treatment of Paralytic Knees
Asian Journal of Orthopaedic Research,
Page 17-26
Abstract
This review is to highlight the anatomical and surgical basis for the treatment of paralytic knees that lead to a grave functional handicap because of its intermediate situation in lower limb.
Paralytic knee disease affects muscular balance and osteoarticular growth to the point of sometimes compromising the possibility of standing and walking.
Combined with a good knowledge of the main etiologies (Poliomyelitis, myelomeningocele and cerebral palsy), it enables the bases of the orthopedic treatment to be defined. Consequences related to paralytic knee desease may lead to neuroorthopaedic deformities in the joints.
Orthopaedic surgical treatment of the consequences of knee paralysis is varied both in terms of the diversity of the surgical techniques that can be carried out (tenotomies, lengthenings, transfers, osteotomies...) and the patient’s profile. It must essentially meet functional and not morphological.
Keywords:
- Paralytic knees
- disorders
- joint mobility
- cerebral
- spinal
- muscular nerve
- traumatology
- orthopedic
How to Cite
Elkassimi, C., Rouadi, S., Fadili, M., Bachkira, E., Abdullah, A. M., Jadib, I., Hadad, O., Tabbak, K., Kharoub, M. A., Rafaoui, A., Messoudi, A., Rahmi, M., & Rafai, M. (2022). Anatomical and Surgical Basis for the Treatment of Paralytic Knees. Asian Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 8(3), 17-26. Retrieved from https://journalajorr.com/index.php/AJORR/article/view/154
References
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Houeto JL, Gout O. Neurological manifestations of infections. Encycl Med Chir, Treaty of Neurology. 1999;17-049-A-10.
Huckstep RL. Poliomyelitis: A simple guide. World Ortho Inc; 1997.
Jubelt B, Agre JC. Characteristics and management of polio syndrome. Jama. 2000;284(4):412‑4.
Chataigner H, Onimus M, de Billy B. Neuromuscular diseases in children Ed Sauramps, Montpellier; 1991.
Lebarbier P. The foot of the cerebral palsy: Diagnostic problems and therapeutic principles. Cah Teaches SOFCOT. 1996;55:159‑68.
Giori NJ, Lewallen DG. Total knee arthroplasty in limbs affected by poliomyelitis. JBJS. 2002;84(7):1157‑61.
Shahcheraghi GH, Javid M, Zeighami B. Hamstring tendon transfer for quadriceps femoris paralysis. J Pediatric Orthop. 1996;16(6):765‑8.
Denormandie P, Kiefer C, Mailhan L, Even-Schneider A, Sorriaux G, MARTIN JN. Orthopedic treatment of the consequences of spasticity in the lower limb. Neuro-Chir Paris. 2003;49(2‑3):339‑52.
Lebarbier P. Paralytic lower limb. Encycl Med Chir, Musculoskeletal Treatise, 1998;14-301-A-10.
Onimus M, Mandaba JL. Possibilities of verticalization and walking in children in the sequelae of poliomyelitis in an African environment. Int Orthop. 1992;16(2):196‑201.
Bunch W. Biomechanical principle and application. Ed. Atlas of orthotics CV Mosby. 1985:76-111.
Leong JC, Alade CO, Fang D. Supracondylar femoral osteotomy for knee flexion contracture resulting from poliomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1982;64(2):198-201.
Mezzari ML, Poliomyelitis A-La. Diagnosis and treatment of sequelae. Univ lille ii faculty of medicine 86 rue de paris, 59000 Lille, France; 1967.
Bussière C. Aït Si Selmi T, Neyret P. Genu recurvatum. Encycl Med Chir. Locomotor Apparatus. 2001;14.
Rainault JJ. Serious poliomyelitis knee recurvatum. Rev Chir Orthop. 1962;48: 561‑77.
Samuelsson L, Skoog M. Ambulation in patients with myelomeningocele: A multivariate statistical analysis. J Pediatric Orthop. 1988;8(5):569‑75.
Walter BG, Columbia, missouri treatment of hip and knee problems in myelomeningocele.
Langlais J. The spina bifida knee. Childhood surgery and orthopedics, Ed Sauramps, Montpellier; 1993.
Mcrae R, Kinninmonth WG. Orthopedics and trauma. General topics and vertebral diseases. Ed Momento Med; 1997.
Wright JG, Menelaus MB, Broughton NS, Shurtleff D. Natural history of knee contractures in myelomeningocele. J Pediatr Orthop. 1991;11(6):725‑30.
Brinker MR, Rosenfeld SR, Feiwell E, Granger SP, Mitchell DC, Rice JC. Myelomeningocele at the sacral level. Long-term outcomes in adults. JBJS. 1994;76(9):1293‑300.
Cahuzac M. The child with cerebral palsy. Mason; 1980.
Sussman MD, Aiona MD. Treatment of spastic diplegia in patients with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2004;13(2): S1‑12.
Khouri N. The hip of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Cah Teaches SOFCOT. 2001;78:123‑36.
Lespargot A, Renaudin E, Robert M, Khouri N. Muscles and tendons of the IMOC: Clinical review and experimental data. Cerebral Word Paris. 1999;20(2):69‑90.
Gage JR. Gait analysis in cerebral palsy. Clin Dev Med. 1991;121.
Normand X, Dubousset J. Tensioning the extensor mechanism of the knee in the triple flexion gait in children with motor disabilities. Rev Orthopedic Restorative Surgery Appar Mot. 1985;71(5):301‑10.
Morrell DS, Pearson JM, Sauser DD. Progressive bone and joint abnormalities of the spine and lower extremities in cerebral palsy. X-rays. 2002;22(2):257-68.
Bonnard CH. Myopathies Current diagnostic and therapeutic classification. SOFCOT Teaching Conferences, 1991; 40:1-14.
Georges F. Arthrogryposes Encycl Med Chir, Treatise on Musculoskeletal System, 1998; 15-201-A-10. Neurosurgery, Masson Paris, 2003; 49:339-352.
Boulu P. Electromyography and evoked potentials in musculoskeletal pathologies. Encycl Med Chir, 1997;14-001-R-10.
Abraham E, Verinder D, Sharrard W. The treatment of flexion contracture of the knee in myelomeningocele. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1977;59-B(4):433‑8.
Keenan MAE, Ure K, Smith CW, Jordan C. Hamstring release for knee flexion contracture in spastic adults. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1976-2007. 1988;236:221‑6.
Martin JN, Sorriaux G, Judet T, et al. Knee flexion by retraction of the hamstrings in brain-damaged adults: Apropos of a series of 37 patients treated by distal tenotomy of the hamstrings Rev. Chir. Orthop., Masson Paris. 2003;89:3587.
Beals RK. Treatment of knee contracture in cerebral palsy by hamstring lengthening, posterior capsulotomy, and quadriceps mechanism shortening. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2001;43(12):802‑5.
Samilson RL. Tendon transfers in cerebral palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1976;58(2):153‑4.
Defebyre L, Duba F. Clinical and functional assessment of motor disability College of Neurology Teachers, 2003; FAQ (motor disability).
Lambotte JC, Langlais F. Osteotomies of the distal femur Encycl Med Chir, Treatise on Surgical Techniques, 1999; 44-825.
Mehta SN, Mukherjee AK. Flexion osteotomy of the femur for genu recurvatum after poliomyelitis The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 1991; 73-B: 200-2021.
Acquitter Y, Hulet C, Souquet D, Pierre A, et al. Arthrodesis of the knee under arthroscopy.
Houeto JL, Gout O. Neurological manifestations of infections. Encycl Med Chir, Treaty of Neurology. 1999;17-049-A-10.
Huckstep RL. Poliomyelitis: A simple guide. World Ortho Inc; 1997.
Jubelt B, Agre JC. Characteristics and management of polio syndrome. Jama. 2000;284(4):412‑4.
Chataigner H, Onimus M, de Billy B. Neuromuscular diseases in children Ed Sauramps, Montpellier; 1991.
Lebarbier P. The foot of the cerebral palsy: Diagnostic problems and therapeutic principles. Cah Teaches SOFCOT. 1996;55:159‑68.
Giori NJ, Lewallen DG. Total knee arthroplasty in limbs affected by poliomyelitis. JBJS. 2002;84(7):1157‑61.
Shahcheraghi GH, Javid M, Zeighami B. Hamstring tendon transfer for quadriceps femoris paralysis. J Pediatric Orthop. 1996;16(6):765‑8.
Denormandie P, Kiefer C, Mailhan L, Even-Schneider A, Sorriaux G, MARTIN JN. Orthopedic treatment of the consequences of spasticity in the lower limb. Neuro-Chir Paris. 2003;49(2‑3):339‑52.
Lebarbier P. Paralytic lower limb. Encycl Med Chir, Musculoskeletal Treatise, 1998;14-301-A-10.
Onimus M, Mandaba JL. Possibilities of verticalization and walking in children in the sequelae of poliomyelitis in an African environment. Int Orthop. 1992;16(2):196‑201.
Bunch W. Biomechanical principle and application. Ed. Atlas of orthotics CV Mosby. 1985:76-111.
Leong JC, Alade CO, Fang D. Supracondylar femoral osteotomy for knee flexion contracture resulting from poliomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1982;64(2):198-201.
Mezzari ML, Poliomyelitis A-La. Diagnosis and treatment of sequelae. Univ lille ii faculty of medicine 86 rue de paris, 59000 Lille, France; 1967.
Bussière C. Aït Si Selmi T, Neyret P. Genu recurvatum. Encycl Med Chir. Locomotor Apparatus. 2001;14.
Rainault JJ. Serious poliomyelitis knee recurvatum. Rev Chir Orthop. 1962;48: 561‑77.
Samuelsson L, Skoog M. Ambulation in patients with myelomeningocele: A multivariate statistical analysis. J Pediatric Orthop. 1988;8(5):569‑75.
Walter BG, Columbia, missouri treatment of hip and knee problems in myelomeningocele.
Langlais J. The spina bifida knee. Childhood surgery and orthopedics, Ed Sauramps, Montpellier; 1993.
Mcrae R, Kinninmonth WG. Orthopedics and trauma. General topics and vertebral diseases. Ed Momento Med; 1997.
Wright JG, Menelaus MB, Broughton NS, Shurtleff D. Natural history of knee contractures in myelomeningocele. J Pediatr Orthop. 1991;11(6):725‑30.
Brinker MR, Rosenfeld SR, Feiwell E, Granger SP, Mitchell DC, Rice JC. Myelomeningocele at the sacral level. Long-term outcomes in adults. JBJS. 1994;76(9):1293‑300.
Cahuzac M. The child with cerebral palsy. Mason; 1980.
Sussman MD, Aiona MD. Treatment of spastic diplegia in patients with cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2004;13(2): S1‑12.
Khouri N. The hip of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Cah Teaches SOFCOT. 2001;78:123‑36.
Lespargot A, Renaudin E, Robert M, Khouri N. Muscles and tendons of the IMOC: Clinical review and experimental data. Cerebral Word Paris. 1999;20(2):69‑90.
Gage JR. Gait analysis in cerebral palsy. Clin Dev Med. 1991;121.
Normand X, Dubousset J. Tensioning the extensor mechanism of the knee in the triple flexion gait in children with motor disabilities. Rev Orthopedic Restorative Surgery Appar Mot. 1985;71(5):301‑10.
Morrell DS, Pearson JM, Sauser DD. Progressive bone and joint abnormalities of the spine and lower extremities in cerebral palsy. X-rays. 2002;22(2):257-68.
Bonnard CH. Myopathies Current diagnostic and therapeutic classification. SOFCOT Teaching Conferences, 1991; 40:1-14.
Georges F. Arthrogryposes Encycl Med Chir, Treatise on Musculoskeletal System, 1998; 15-201-A-10. Neurosurgery, Masson Paris, 2003; 49:339-352.
Boulu P. Electromyography and evoked potentials in musculoskeletal pathologies. Encycl Med Chir, 1997;14-001-R-10.
Abraham E, Verinder D, Sharrard W. The treatment of flexion contracture of the knee in myelomeningocele. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1977;59-B(4):433‑8.
Keenan MAE, Ure K, Smith CW, Jordan C. Hamstring release for knee flexion contracture in spastic adults. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1976-2007. 1988;236:221‑6.
Martin JN, Sorriaux G, Judet T, et al. Knee flexion by retraction of the hamstrings in brain-damaged adults: Apropos of a series of 37 patients treated by distal tenotomy of the hamstrings Rev. Chir. Orthop., Masson Paris. 2003;89:3587.
Beals RK. Treatment of knee contracture in cerebral palsy by hamstring lengthening, posterior capsulotomy, and quadriceps mechanism shortening. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2001;43(12):802‑5.
Samilson RL. Tendon transfers in cerebral palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1976;58(2):153‑4.
Defebyre L, Duba F. Clinical and functional assessment of motor disability College of Neurology Teachers, 2003; FAQ (motor disability).
Lambotte JC, Langlais F. Osteotomies of the distal femur Encycl Med Chir, Treatise on Surgical Techniques, 1999; 44-825.
Mehta SN, Mukherjee AK. Flexion osteotomy of the femur for genu recurvatum after poliomyelitis The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 1991; 73-B: 200-2021.
Acquitter Y, Hulet C, Souquet D, Pierre A, et al. Arthrodesis of the knee under arthroscopy.
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